What general term describes military action using electromagnetic or directed energy?

The correct answer, which describes military action using electromagnetic or directed energy, is Electronic Warfare. This term encompasses a variety of techniques and operations that utilize the electromagnetic spectrum to disrupt, deceive, or damage enemy radar and communication systems. Electronic Warfare can include activities such as jamming signals to prevent enemy communications, using directed energy to disable systems, or employing technologies to gather intelligence from adversaries' electronic resources.

In contrast, signal jamming is a specific application within Electronic Warfare that focuses solely on disrupting communications. Communication maintenance refers to the upkeep and repair of communication systems, which falls outside the scope of military action. Information security involves protecting data and information systems from unauthorized access or attacks, which is more about safeguarding assets rather than conducting military operations. Therefore, Electronic Warfare is the most encompassing term that accurately reflects military operations in this context.